% This is "sig-alternate.tex" V2.0 May 2012
% This file should be compiled with V2.5 of "sig-alternate.cls" May 2012
%
% This example file demonstrates the use of the 'sig-alternate.cls'
% V2.5 LaTeX2e document class file. It is for those submitting
% articles to ACM Conference Proceedings WHO DO NOT WISH TO
% STRICTLY ADHERE TO THE SIGS (PUBS-BOARD-ENDORSED) STYLE.
% The 'sig-alternate.cls' file will produce a similar-looking,
% albeit, 'tighter' paper resulting in, invariably, fewer pages.
%
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% This .tex file (and associated .cls V2.5) produces:
%       1) The Permission Statement
%       2) The Conference (location) Info information
%       3) The Copyright Line with ACM data
%       4) NO page numbers
%
% as against the acm_proc_article-sp.cls file which
% DOES NOT produce 1) thru' 3) above.
%
% Using 'sig-alternate.cls' you have control, however, from within
% the source .tex file, over both the CopyrightYear
% (defaulted to 200X) and the ACM Copyright Data
% (defaulted to X-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX).
% e.g.
% \CopyrightYear{2007} will cause 2007 to appear in the copyright line.
% \crdata{0-12345-67-8/90/12} will cause 0-12345-67-8/90/12 to appear in the copyright line.
%
% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% This .tex source is an example which *does* use
% the .bib file (from which the .bbl file % is produced).
% REMEMBER HOWEVER: After having produced the .bbl file,
% and prior to final submission, you *NEED* to 'insert'
% your .bbl file into your source .tex file so as to provide
% ONE 'self-contained' source file.
%
% ================= IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS =======================
% Questions regarding the SIGS styles, SIGS policies and
% procedures, Conferences etc. should be sent to
% Adrienne Griscti (griscti@acm.org)
%
% Technical questions _only_ to
% Gerald Murray (murray@hq.acm.org)
% ===============================================================
%
% For tracking purposes - this is V2.0 - May 2012

\documentclass{sig-alternate}

\begin{document}
%
% --- Author Metadata here ---
\conferenceinfo{WOODSTOCK}{'97 El Paso, Texas USA}
%\CopyrightYear{2007} % Allows default copyright year (20XX) to be over-ridden - IF NEED BE.
%\crdata{0-12345-67-8/90/01}  % Allows default copyright data (0-89791-88-6/97/05) to be over-ridden - IF NEED BE.
% --- End of Author Metadata ---

\title{Identifying the forbidden schemas in Linux Shell Command}
%\subtitle{[Extended Abstract]
%\titlenote{A full version of this paper is available as
%\textit{Author's Guide to Preparing ACM SIG Proceedings Using
%\LaTeX$2_\epsilon$\ and BibTeX} at
%\texttt{www.acm.org/eaddress.htm}}}
%
% You need the command \numberofauthors to handle the 'placement
% and alignment' of the authors beneath the title.
%
% For aesthetic reasons, we recommend 'three authors at a time'
% i.e. three 'name/affiliation blocks' be placed beneath the title.
%
% NOTE: You are NOT restricted in how many 'rows' of
% "name/affiliations" may appear. We just ask that you restrict
% the number of 'columns' to three.
%
% Because of the available 'opening page real-estate'
% we ask you to refrain from putting more than six authors
% (two rows with three columns) beneath the article title.
% More than six makes the first-page appear very cluttered indeed.
%
% Use the \alignauthor commands to handle the names
% and affiliations for an 'aesthetic maximum' of six authors.
% Add names, affiliations, addresses for
% the seventh etc. author(s) as the argument for the
% \additionalauthors command.
% These 'additional authors' will be output/set for you
% without further effort on your part as the last section in
% the body of your article BEFORE References or any Appendices.

\numberofauthors{2} %  in this sample file, there are a *total*
% of EIGHT authors. SIX appear on the 'first-page' (for formatting
% reasons) and the remaining two appear in the \additionalauthors section.
%
\author{
% You can go ahead and credit any number of authors here,
% e.g. one 'row of three' or two rows (consisting of one row of three
% and a second row of one, two or three).
%
% The command \alignauthor (no curly braces needed) should
% precede each author name, affiliation/snail-mail address and
% e-mail address. Additionally, tag each line of
% affiliation/address with \affaddr, and tag the
% e-mail address with \email.
%
% 1st. author
\alignauthor
 Xintao Niu\\
       \affaddr{State Key Laboratory for Novel}\\
       \affaddr{ Software Technology}\\
       \affaddr{Nanjing University}\\
       \affaddr{China, 210023}\\
       \email{niuxintao@gmail.com}\\
  %     \email{changhainie@nju.edu.cn}
% 2nd. author
\alignauthor
Changhai Nie \\
 \affaddr{State Key Laboratory for Novel}\\
       \affaddr{ Software Technology}\\
       \affaddr{Nanjing University}\\
       \affaddr{China, 210023}\\
       \email{changhainie@nju.edu.cn}
%% 3rd. author
%\alignauthor Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld\titlenote{This author is the
%one who did all the really hard work.}\\
%       \affaddr{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}\\
%       \affaddr{1 Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Circle}\\
%       \affaddr{Hekla, Iceland}\\
%       \email{larst@affiliation.org}
%\and  % use '\and' if you need 'another row' of author names
%% 4th. author
%\alignauthor Lawrence P. Leipuner\\
%       \affaddr{Brookhaven Laboratories}\\
%       \affaddr{Brookhaven National Lab}\\
%       \affaddr{P.O. Box 5000}\\
%       \email{lleipuner@researchlabs.org}
%% 5th. author
%\alignauthor Sean Fogarty\\
%       \affaddr{NASA Ames Research Center}\\
%       \affaddr{Moffett Field}\\
%       \affaddr{California 94035}\\
%       \email{fogartys@amesres.org}
%% 6th. author
%\alignauthor Charles Palmer\\
%       \affaddr{Palmer Research Laboratories}\\
%       \affaddr{8600 Datapoint Drive}\\
%       \affaddr{San Antonio, Texas 78229}\\
%       \email{cpalmer@prl.com}
}
% There's nothing stopping you putting the seventh, eighth, etc.
% author on the opening page (as the 'third row') but we ask,
% for aesthetic reasons that you place these 'additional authors'
% in the \additional authors block, viz.
%\additionalauthors{Additional authors: John Smith (The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group,
%email: {\texttt{jsmith@affiliation.org}}) and Julius P.~Kumquat
%(The Kumquat Consortium, email: {\texttt{jpkumquat@consortium.net}}).}
%\date{30 July 1999}
% Just remember to make sure that the TOTAL number of authors
% is the number that will appear on the first page PLUS the
% number that will appear in the \additionalauthors section.

\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
%    Constraints are of importance.   Existing techniques . In fact, to overcome them is impractical, thus dynamically finding them is of importance
%
%    Forbidden  schemas  are most common constraints in Combinatorial testing. Normally they used a constraint solver to solve this, we conjuecture which is very time-consuming as the solver is very . And which is not nessary for the simple foridden schemas. In this paper, we proposed an inffcient methods to handle this technique to. Emprical studies showed that our new approach can saving large time than the traditional appraoch when handling the forbidden schemas in CT.

\end{abstract}

\category{D.2.5}{Software Engineering}{Testing and debugging}[Debugging aids,testing tools]

\terms{Reliability, Verification}

\keywords{Software Testing, Combinatorial Testing, Covering Array, Constraints, Forbidden schemas} % NOT required for Proceedings

\section{Introduction}
\textbf{First, Forbidden schemas are the most common type:}


a study of the forbidden schemas in Shell Commands. (Including all the constraints and their types (forbidden, linear, nonlinear)). 
two points:

1) constraints is common in shell command,

2) forbidden schemas are the most common type in those constraints.

\textbf{Second, it is not easy to figure out all the forbidden schemas in prior}

With knowing forbidden schemas in prior can avoid much number of invalid test cases.  However, it is not easy to figure them out in prior. 

there are two reasons,

1) the command user may not have patience to fully read the manual of the command, and can ignore the forbidden schemas that will result in invalid test cases

2) some forbidden schemas may not well stated in the manual, so that even though with carefully reading, the testers cannot figure the forbidden schemas.

%
%For two ,
%even though, it may give



\textbf{Contribution:}

1) We comprehensively studied 400 more Linux shell command, and analysed their constraints types and numbers. 

2) We gave a forbidden schemas identification approach to identify the forbidden schemas in those invalid test cases.

3) We listed out those forbidden schemas that are not well given in the manual, but are found by our approaches.

\section{Conclusions}

%\end{document}  % This is where a 'short' article might terminate

%ACKNOWLEDGMENTS are optional
\section{Acknowledgments}
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61272079), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No.20130091110032), the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 61321491), and the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91318301)

%
% The following two commands are all you need in the
% initial runs of your .tex file to
% produce the bibliography for the citations in your paper.
\bibliographystyle{abbrv}
\bibliography{sigproc}  % sigproc.bib is the name of the Bibliography in this case
% You must have a proper ".bib" file
%  and remember to run:
% latex bibtex latex latex
% to resolve all references
%
% ACM needs 'a single self-contained file'!
%
%APPENDICES are optional
%\balancecolumns
\appendix
%Appendix A

% That's all folks!
\end{document}
